Duration and Structure

Specialization typically begins after the internship year, through admission into a residency program or a postgraduate diploma/master’s track. Depending on the country and specialty, programs may last 3 to 7 years and may include board certification exams.

Countries Known for Medical Specialization Training :

1. • United States (USA) : Offers highly competitive residency programs with structured training and board certification. Requires USMLE exams.
2. • United Kingdom (UK) : Postgraduate training follows Foundation Year 1 and 2, then Specialty Training (ST1–ST7). Requires PLAB or UKMLA for international graduates.
3. • Germany : Known for rigorous and research-focused specialization programs. Proficiency in the German language is essential. 
4. • Qatar & UAE : Provide modern residency and fellowship programs, often in collaboration with North American institutions (e.g., Weill Cornell–Qatar, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi). 
5. • Egypt & Jordan : Offer recognized local board certifications and opportunities for regional and international practice.